Klasik Osmanlı Dönemi Menzil Külliyesi örneği: Eskişehir Kurşunlu Külliyesi
Date
2017
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Külliyeler, İslam devletlerinde dini ve sosyal işlevlerin karşılandığı yapı toplulukları olarak önemli bir işleve sahip olmuştur. İslamiyet'in kabulünden sonra Türk devletlerinde de aynı önemi sürdürmüştür. Önceleri birbirine bitişik cami, medrese, ve kümbet gibi yapılardan oluşturulurken, özellikle Osmanlı döneminde planlamanın bilinçli olarak yapıldığı, yerleşimde yapıların birbirleri ile ilişkilerinin düşünülerek tasarlandığı bir organizasyon görülmektedir. Osmanlı kentlerinde kentin ana odağı olan ve kentin gelişimini yönlendiren külliyelerin yanı sıra, kentin dışında hac, posta, ticaret ve sefer yolları üzerinde yer alan menzil külliyeleri Osmanlı döneminde külliye mimarisinde önem kazanmıştır. Anadolu'da önemli yol ağları üzerinde yer alan, konaklama ve ticaret etkinliklerinin karşılanması amacıyla kurulan bu külliyelerin temel bileşenlerini cami, imaret, han ve hamam oluşturmaktadır. Menzil külliyeleri, ilerleyen dönemlerde oluşan yeni yerleşim yerlerinin odağını oluşturması açısından önem kazanan mimari örgütlenmelerdir. Bu tezin amacı; Osmanlı karayolu ulaşım sistemi içerisinde Anadolu ve Rumeli Yol Şebekelerinin en işlek güzergahları üzerinde yer alan menzil külliyelerinin sınıflandırılması ve karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda, 16. yüzyılda bir menzil külliyesi olarak inşa edilmiş olan ve günümüzde Eskişehir'in Odunpazarı semtinde bulunan Kurşunlu Külliyesinin bu sınıflandırma içindeki yeri açıklanmıştır. Kurşunlu Külliyesi'nin yapı programı kapsamında cami, sıbyan mektebi, medrese, tabhane, imaret, aşevi ve kervansaray bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, külliyenin kuruluşu, gelişimi ile külliyeye ait yapıların mimari özellikleri analiz edilmiştir.
In Islamic States, building complexes -kulliyes- have had a significant function where religious and social requirements have been met. These complexes have maintained their importance in Turkish States after there cognition of Islam as an official religion. Initially, kulliyes were composed of adjacent buildings such as mosque, madrasa and tomb. In the Ottoman Period, it is seen that a concious planning idea and a spatial organisation, where the mutual relations of the buildings were considered in the settlement plan, had been applied. Besides kulliyes which were the main focus of Ottoman cities and directed urban development, menzil kulliyes -located on pilgrimage, communication, trade and military routes also gained importance in Ottoman Kulliye Architecture.The main components of these complexes, which were located on important transportation networks for meeting accomodation and trade activities, are mosques, imarets, khans and public baths. Menzil kulliyes are architectural organizations that have gained importance in terms of establishing the future development of new settlements. The main scope of this thesis is to classify menzil kulliyes located on the busiest routes of the Anatolian and Rumelian Road Network and to make a comparative analysis. In this context, the significance of Kurşunlu Kulliye –built in the 16th century and located in Odunpazarı District in Eskişehir- among other menzil kulliyes has been explained according to this classification. Within the building programme of Kurşunlu Kulliye, there are a mosque, a primary school, a madrasa, an almshouse, an imaret,a public soup-kitchen and a caravanserai. Within the scope of this thesis, the establishment and the development of the kulliye, and the architectural characteristics of the buildings inside the complex are analysed.
In Islamic States, building complexes -kulliyes- have had a significant function where religious and social requirements have been met. These complexes have maintained their importance in Turkish States after there cognition of Islam as an official religion. Initially, kulliyes were composed of adjacent buildings such as mosque, madrasa and tomb. In the Ottoman Period, it is seen that a concious planning idea and a spatial organisation, where the mutual relations of the buildings were considered in the settlement plan, had been applied. Besides kulliyes which were the main focus of Ottoman cities and directed urban development, menzil kulliyes -located on pilgrimage, communication, trade and military routes also gained importance in Ottoman Kulliye Architecture.The main components of these complexes, which were located on important transportation networks for meeting accomodation and trade activities, are mosques, imarets, khans and public baths. Menzil kulliyes are architectural organizations that have gained importance in terms of establishing the future development of new settlements. The main scope of this thesis is to classify menzil kulliyes located on the busiest routes of the Anatolian and Rumelian Road Network and to make a comparative analysis. In this context, the significance of Kurşunlu Kulliye –built in the 16th century and located in Odunpazarı District in Eskişehir- among other menzil kulliyes has been explained according to this classification. Within the building programme of Kurşunlu Kulliye, there are a mosque, a primary school, a madrasa, an almshouse, an imaret,a public soup-kitchen and a caravanserai. Within the scope of this thesis, the establishment and the development of the kulliye, and the architectural characteristics of the buildings inside the complex are analysed.
Description
Keywords
Menzil Külliyesi, Klasik Osmanlı Dönemi, Anadolu ve Rumeli Yol Şebekesi, Eskişehir Kurşunlu Külliyesi, Menzil Kulliye, Classical Ottoman Period, Anatolian and Rumelian Road Network, Eskisehir Kursunlu Kulliye
Citation
Yılmaz, S. (2017). Klasik Osmanlı Dönemi Menzil Külliyesi örneği: Eskişehir Kurşunlu Külliyesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.