Aloe vera (aloe barbedensis miller) içeren solüsyon ve jelin açık yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkinliğinin klinik, histopatolojik, immunohistokimyasal, serolojik ve biyomekaniksel yönden araştırılması: Ratlarda deneysel çalışma
Date
2022-02-01
Authors
Can, Hakçahan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Beşeri ve veteriner hekimlik alanında önemini koruyan bir problem olan yara iyileşmesi üzerine fitoterapötik ajanların etkinliğini gösteren çalışmalar incelendiğinde, Aloe vera freeze-drying yöntemi ile elde edilen tozdan taze olarak hazırlanan solüsyon formuna ilişkin spesifik bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır.Bu çalışmada, ratların sırt bölgesinde oluşturulan eksizyonel yaraların tedavisinde Aloe barbadensis Miller bitkisinden, freeze-dried yöntemi ile elde edilen toz ile hazırlanan farklı yoğunluklardaki solüsyonlar ile Aloe vera içeren ticari jel Carravet®’in etkilerinin klinik, histopatolojik, immunohistokimyasal ve biyomekanik yönlerden değerlendirilmesi, ayrıca birbirleri, kontrol ve Madecassol® grubu ile karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Çalışmanın materyalini toplamda 80 adet, dişi, Sprague Dawley ırkı rat oluşturdu. Ratlar her grupta 8 denek olacak şekilde kontrol, Madecassol® pomad, Carravet® jel, %0,1, %0,25, %0,5 ve %1, %2,5, %5 ve %10 yoğunlukta taze hazırlanmış Aloe vera solüsyon grubu olmak üzere 10 gruba ayrıldı. Ratların sırt bölgesinde skapula gerisinde, dorsal orta hattın sağ ve sol tarafında 2x2 cm ebatlı tam kalınlıkta eksizyonel yara oluşturuldu. Tüm gruplarda deneklerin hem sağ, hem de sol taraftaki yaralarına 21 gün boyunca günlük olarak topikal tedavi uygulandı ve yaralar her gün kontrol edildi. Sağ taraftaki yara alanlarının 7., 14. ve 21. günlerde asetat film üzerine çizimleri yapılarak, iyileşmemiş yara alanları ölçüldü. Tüm denekler için granülasyon dokusunun ilk oluştuğu zaman, yaranın granülasyon dokusu ile tamamen dolduğu ve yaraların tamamen kapandığı zamanlar kaydedildi. Sol taraftaki yaralardan ise 6 mm çaplı punch biyopsi iğneleri ile yine 7., 14. ve 21. günlerde biyopsi örnekleri alındı. Alınan örneklerin yarısı histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal inceleme için hazırlandı ve hematoksilen-eozin boyama sonrası mikroskobik incelemeler gerçekleştirildi. Örneklerin diğer yarısı ise ticari olarak temin edilen rat-spesifik VEGF ve TGF-β1 ELISA kitleri ile serolojik inceleme için kullanıldı. Biyomekaniksel değerlendirmeler çalışmanın sonlandığı 21. günde, tüm deneklerin sırt bölgesinden alınan deri örneklerine germe işlemi uygulayan test cihazında yapıldı. İstatistiksel olarak gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar Kruskal Wallis, ikili karşılaştırmalar Dunn-Bonferroni testi ile yapıldı. Grup içi karşılaştırmalarda Friedman, ikili karşılaştırmalar için ise Wilcoxon testi yapıldı. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Spearman sıra korelasyon katsayısı ile incelendi.Günlük yara bakımı esnasındaki gözlemlerde gruplar arasında granülasyon dokusunun ilk oluştuğu, yara alanının granülasyon dokusu ile tamamen dolduğu ve yaraların tamamen kapandığı zamanlarda anlamlı fark bulundu. İlk granülasyon dokusu görülme zamanı %0,1 Aloe vera grubunda, Madecassol® ve %0,25 Aloe vera gruplarına göre daha geç; granülasyon dokusu ile dolma zamanları %1; %2,5; %5 ve %10 Aloe vera gruplarında kontrol, Madecassol® ve Carravet® gruplarına göre daha erken; tam kapanmanın olduğu zaman ise %1 Aloe vera grubunda kontrol grubuna göre daha erken idi. Planimetri ölçümlerinde ise gruplar arasında iyileşmemiş yara alanları bakımından 7. günde %5’lik Aloe vera grubu %0,1; %0,25; %0,5 ve %1 Aloe vera gruplarına göre ve %2,5’lik Aloe vera grubu %0,5’lik Aloe vera grubuna göre daha büyüktü. Gruplar arasında 14. gün değerlerinde %1’lik Aloe vera grubu diğer tüm gruplara göre daha az yara alanına sahip olmasına rağmen, ikili karşılaştırmalarda işlem etkisi anlamlı farklılık oluşturacak kadar çok değildi ve 21. günde ise gruplar arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunamadı. Histopatolojik ve immunohistokimyasal analizlerde kontrol grubu ile Aloe vera grupları arasında anlamlı fark belirlendi. Serolojik değerlendirmede TGF-β1 seviyeleri 7. günden 21. güne doğru gruplar bazında incelendiğinde sadece kontrol grubunda azalma görüldü. Carravet® grubunda hafif düzeyde bir yükselme görülürken, Aloe vera solüsyon gruplarından %0,25 ve % 10 yoğunluktaki gruplardakiVIIseviyelerde yükselmeler tespit edildi. Yine aynı şekilde gruplar bazında VEGF seviyeleri incelendiğinde kontrol, Madecassol® ve Carravet® gruplarında artış görüldü. İyileşme sürecinin 21. gününde ise Madecassol®, %2,5 ve %10 Aloe vera solüsyon gruplarındaki VEGF seviyelerinin diğer gruplara kıyasla belirgin derecede yüksek olduğu görüldü. AyrıcaTGF-β1’in iyileşmemiş yara alanı ile arasında 14. gün değerlendirmesinde negatif, total iyileşme yüzdesi ile pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Damar sayısı toplamı ile arasında 7. ve 14.günde negatif, nötrofil skoru ile arasında ise 7. günde pozitif korelasyon saptandı. Biyomekaniksel ölçümlerde ise yüksek yoğunluktaki (%10-Grup 10) Aloe vera grubunun doku uzama yüzdesinin diğer gruplara kıyasla daha büyük olduğu bulundu. Sonuç olarak yara iyileşmesindeki süreci hızlandırmada Aloe vera solüsyon formunun jelformuna göre daha etkili olduğu, özellikle de tam kapanma zamanı en kısa sürede olan %1yoğunluktaki Aloe vera solüsyon dozunun potansiyel bir yara iyileşmesi ajanı olabileceğikanısına varıldı. Ayrıca Aloe vera solüsyon formunun, antiinflamatuvar etkisinin de oldukça yüksek olduğu, anjiyogenezisi hızlandırdığı, VEGF ve TGF-β1 gibi büyüme faktörlerinin indüklenmesi ve stimülasyonunda etkin rol oynadığı, yüksek yoğunluktaki Aloe vera’nın kollajen oluşumunu destekleyerek yara kapanmasını takiben oluşan yeni dokunun uzama yüzdesi üzerinde daha etkili olduğu belirlendi. Bu tez çalışmasından elde edilen verilerışığında, yara iyileşmesi alanında Aloe vera solüsyon formunu içeren yeni ticari ürünlerin ortaya çıkarılacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Several studies have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of phytotherapeutic agents on wound healing in human and veterinary medicine. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies performed about the wound healing property of the freshly prepared solution form of Aloe vera. Excisional wounds were created on the dorsum of rats and freshly prepared (from the freeze-dried powder form) solution of Aloe barbadensis Miller were applied at different concentrations to investigate the plant’s wound healing properties by using clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biomechanical parameters. The study also aimed to compare the wound healing properties of Aloe vera with the commercial gel Carravet® (containing Aloe vera) and Madecassol® pomade. Eighty female, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 10 groups of 8 animals each as control, Madecassol® pomade, Carravet® gel, and different concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of freshly prepared Aloe vera solution. A skin excision was made by removing a 2x2 cm full-thickness piece of the skin from both right and left sides of the dorsal midline, behind the scapula of the rats. All drugs were applied topically to both right and left wounds of the subjects daily for 21 days and wounds were observed on a daily basis. The unhealed wound areas were measured by pressing sterile acetate films on the wounds and drawing the wound margins on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. For all subjects, the times that granulation tissue was first observed, the wound was completelly filled with granulation tissue, and the wounds were completely closed were recorded. Biopsy samples were taken from the wounds on the left side by using 6 mm diameter punch biopsy needles on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Half of the samples were prepared for histopathological (hematoxylin-eosin staining) and immunohistochemical examinations. The other half was used for measurement of the rat VEGF and rat TGF-β1 by using commercial ELISA kits. Biomechanical evaluations were performed in a stretching device by using the skin samples taken from the backs of all subjects on the 21st day after ending the study. Comparisons among the groups were made by using the Kruskal Wallis test, and pairwise comparisons were made with the Dunn-Bonferroni test. Friedman test was used for in-group comparisons, and Wilcoxon test was used for pairwise comparisons. Relationships between variables were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding the times that granulation tissue was first observed, the wound was completelly filled with granulation tissue, and the wounds were completely closed. The time first granulation tissue was observed was later in 0.1% Aloe vera group than in Madecassol® and 0.25% Aloe vera groups. Filling with granulation tissue occurred earlier in 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% Aloe vera groups than in the control, Madecassol® and Carravet® groups. Wounds in the 1% Aloe vera group closed earlier than in the control group. Planimetry measurements revealed that on the 7th day, 5% Aloe vera group had a larger uncovered wound area than the 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% Aloe vera groups and the 2.5% Aloe vera group had a larger uncovered area than in the 0.5% Aloe vera group. On day 14, although 1% Aloe vera group had a smaller wound area than all other groups, the difference could not be substantiated statistically. On day 21, there was no difference among the groups.A significant difference was found between the control group and Aloe vera groups in histopathological and immunohistochemical analyzes. In the serological evaluation, when TGF-β1 levels were examined between the groups from the 7th to the 21st day, a decrease was observed only in the control group. While a slight increase was observed in the Carravet® group, Aloe vera solution groups with 0.25% and 10% concentrations had higher TGF-β1 levels. Likewise, when VEGF levels were examined, the control, Madecassol®, and Carravet® groups had increased levels. On the 21st day of the healing process, VEGF levels in the Madecassol®, 2.5% and 10% Aloe vera groups were significantly higher than in the other groups. In addition, on the 14th day there was a negative correlation between the TGF-β1 and the unhealed wound area, and a positive correlation between TGF-β1 and the total healing percentage. There was a negative correlation between TGF-β1 and the total number of vessels on the 7th and 14th days, and a positive correlation between TGF-β1 and the neutrophil score on the 7th day. In biomechanical measurements, high density (10%) Aloe vera group had a higher tensile strength compared to the other groups. As a result, it was concluded that the solution form of Aloe vera is more effective than the gel form in accelerating wound healing. Particularly the 1% concentration of Aloe vera solution, which had the shortest full closure time, can be a potential wound healing agent. The solution form of Aloe vera also showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity, accelerated angiogenesis, and was effective in the induction and stimulation of growth factors such as EGF ve TGF-β1. High concentration of Aloe vera solution was more effective on the elasticity of newly formed skin tissue by supporting collagen formation. In the light of the data obtained from this thesis study, we believe that new commercial products containing Aloe vera solution form will be developed for use in the field of wound healing.
Several studies have been performed to investigate the effectiveness of phytotherapeutic agents on wound healing in human and veterinary medicine. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies performed about the wound healing property of the freshly prepared solution form of Aloe vera. Excisional wounds were created on the dorsum of rats and freshly prepared (from the freeze-dried powder form) solution of Aloe barbadensis Miller were applied at different concentrations to investigate the plant’s wound healing properties by using clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biomechanical parameters. The study also aimed to compare the wound healing properties of Aloe vera with the commercial gel Carravet® (containing Aloe vera) and Madecassol® pomade. Eighty female, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 10 groups of 8 animals each as control, Madecassol® pomade, Carravet® gel, and different concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%) of freshly prepared Aloe vera solution. A skin excision was made by removing a 2x2 cm full-thickness piece of the skin from both right and left sides of the dorsal midline, behind the scapula of the rats. All drugs were applied topically to both right and left wounds of the subjects daily for 21 days and wounds were observed on a daily basis. The unhealed wound areas were measured by pressing sterile acetate films on the wounds and drawing the wound margins on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. For all subjects, the times that granulation tissue was first observed, the wound was completelly filled with granulation tissue, and the wounds were completely closed were recorded. Biopsy samples were taken from the wounds on the left side by using 6 mm diameter punch biopsy needles on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Half of the samples were prepared for histopathological (hematoxylin-eosin staining) and immunohistochemical examinations. The other half was used for measurement of the rat VEGF and rat TGF-β1 by using commercial ELISA kits. Biomechanical evaluations were performed in a stretching device by using the skin samples taken from the backs of all subjects on the 21st day after ending the study. Comparisons among the groups were made by using the Kruskal Wallis test, and pairwise comparisons were made with the Dunn-Bonferroni test. Friedman test was used for in-group comparisons, and Wilcoxon test was used for pairwise comparisons. Relationships between variables were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed among the groups regarding the times that granulation tissue was first observed, the wound was completelly filled with granulation tissue, and the wounds were completely closed. The time first granulation tissue was observed was later in 0.1% Aloe vera group than in Madecassol® and 0.25% Aloe vera groups. Filling with granulation tissue occurred earlier in 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% Aloe vera groups than in the control, Madecassol® and Carravet® groups. Wounds in the 1% Aloe vera group closed earlier than in the control group. Planimetry measurements revealed that on the 7th day, 5% Aloe vera group had a larger uncovered wound area than the 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% Aloe vera groups and the 2.5% Aloe vera group had a larger uncovered area than in the 0.5% Aloe vera group. On day 14, although 1% Aloe vera group had a smaller wound area than all other groups, the difference could not be substantiated statistically. On day 21, there was no difference among the groups.A significant difference was found between the control group and Aloe vera groups in histopathological and immunohistochemical analyzes. In the serological evaluation, when TGF-β1 levels were examined between the groups from the 7th to the 21st day, a decrease was observed only in the control group. While a slight increase was observed in the Carravet® group, Aloe vera solution groups with 0.25% and 10% concentrations had higher TGF-β1 levels. Likewise, when VEGF levels were examined, the control, Madecassol®, and Carravet® groups had increased levels. On the 21st day of the healing process, VEGF levels in the Madecassol®, 2.5% and 10% Aloe vera groups were significantly higher than in the other groups. In addition, on the 14th day there was a negative correlation between the TGF-β1 and the unhealed wound area, and a positive correlation between TGF-β1 and the total healing percentage. There was a negative correlation between TGF-β1 and the total number of vessels on the 7th and 14th days, and a positive correlation between TGF-β1 and the neutrophil score on the 7th day. In biomechanical measurements, high density (10%) Aloe vera group had a higher tensile strength compared to the other groups. As a result, it was concluded that the solution form of Aloe vera is more effective than the gel form in accelerating wound healing. Particularly the 1% concentration of Aloe vera solution, which had the shortest full closure time, can be a potential wound healing agent. The solution form of Aloe vera also showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity, accelerated angiogenesis, and was effective in the induction and stimulation of growth factors such as EGF ve TGF-β1. High concentration of Aloe vera solution was more effective on the elasticity of newly formed skin tissue by supporting collagen formation. In the light of the data obtained from this thesis study, we believe that new commercial products containing Aloe vera solution form will be developed for use in the field of wound healing.
Description
Keywords
Aloe vera, Eksizyonel yara, Rat, Yara iyileşmesi, Excisional wound, Wound healing
Citation
Can, H. (2022). Aloe vera (aloe barbedensis miller) içeren solüsyon ve jelin açık yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkinliğinin klinik, histopatolojik, immunohistokimyasal, serolojik ve biyomekaniksel yönden araştırılması: Ratlarda deneysel çalışma. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.