Klasik Osmanlı minyatüründe Nakkaş Hasan ve yeri
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Date
2024-07-17
Authors
Urhan, Yasin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Türk-İslam sanatlarının önemli bir alanı olan minyatür sanatı, içeriğindeki zengin görsel veriler bakımından araştırmacılar için önemli bir kaynak teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında klasik dönem adına en güzel örneklerin sunulduğu Osmanlı minyatür sanatında farklı bilim alanları için araştırma alanları mevcuttur. Bu yönüyle minyatür sanatı kendi sanat fonksiyonları yanında bir yardımcı unsur fonksiyonu da yüklenmiştir. Osmanlı minyatür sanatçılarının Şiraz, Tebriz ve Herat gibi Türkistan şehirlerinden gelen nakkaşlar ile birlikte oluştuğu minyatür sanatı klasik döneminde önemli yazma eserler hazırlanmıştır. Tarih, edebiyat, bilim gibi farklı konularda ortaya konulan eserler Topkapı Sarayı nakkaşhanesi sanatçıları veya hâmilerin desteklediği özel proje ekipleri tarafından ortak bir çalışmayla hazırlanmıştır. Bu çalışma Osmanlı klasik dönem minyatür sanatı sanatkârlarından Nakkaş Hasan’ın sanat hayatı, devlet adamlığı hayatı, eserleri, eserlerinin biçim ve muhteva yönüyle incelenmesi konularını içermektedir. Klasik dönem sanatının da irdelendiği çalışmada Nakkaş Hasan’ın diğer nakkaşlar ile benzer ve farklı yönleri de ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde sanatçının hayatının biyografik akışı sunulmuştur. Nakkaş Hasan Paşa olarak da adlandırılan sanatçının idari ve askeri vazifeleri anlatılmıştır. Sanat hayatına dair verilerin sunulmasından sonra tespit edilebilen çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonraki bölümlerde ise nakkaşın eserleri muhteva ve konu olmak üzere iki açıdan detaylı incelenmiştir. Bu incelemelerin neticesinde Nakkaş Hasan’ın sanat anlayışı kendisinden önceki, kendi dönemindeki ve kendisinden sonraki nakkaşlar ile mukayese edilerek incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızda klasik minyatür üslubuna dair tespitler yapılmış ve Nakkaş Hasan’ın klasik dönem içindeki yeri vurgulanmıştır. Minyatür sanatı eserlerini inceleme yöntemleri üzerinde durularak bu sanatın teknik imkanları ortaya konulmuştur. Nakkaş Hasan’ın eserleri üzerinden dönemin zihniyeti sorgulanmıştır.
Miniature art, an important field of Turkish-Islamic arts, has been an important source for researchers due to the rich visual data it contains. Especially in the second half of the 16th century, Ottoman miniature art, in which the most beautiful examples of the classical period were presented, has research areas for different fields of science. In this respect, the art of miniature has also assumed the function of an auxiliary element in addition to its own artistic functions. Important manuscripts were produced during the classical period of miniature art, when Ottoman miniature artists were formed together with nakkas from Turkestan cities such as Shiraz, Tabriz and Herat. The works on different subjects such as history, literature and science were produced by the artists of the Topkapı Palace nakkaşhane or by special project teams supported by the patrons. This study includes the artistic life, statesman life, works, works of Nakkaş Hasan, one of the miniature artists of the Ottoman classical period, and the analysis of his works in terms of form and content. In the study where the art of the classical period is also examined, the similar and different aspects of Nakkaş Hasan with other miniature artists are also revealed. In the first part of the study, the biographical flow of the artist's life is presented. The administrative and military duties of the artist, also called Nakkaş Hasan Pasha, are described. After presenting the data on his artistic life, information about his works that can be identified is given. In the following chapters, his works are analyzed in detail in two aspects: content and subject matter. As a result of these examinations, Nakkaş Hasan's understanding of art is analyzed by comparing it with the works of the previous, contemporary and later painters. In our study, determinations were made about the classical miniature style and the place of Naqqash Hasan in the classical period was emphasized. By focusing on the methods of analyzing the works of miniature art, the technical possibilities of this art have been revealed. The mentality of the period was questioned through the works of Nakkaş Hasan.
Miniature art, an important field of Turkish-Islamic arts, has been an important source for researchers due to the rich visual data it contains. Especially in the second half of the 16th century, Ottoman miniature art, in which the most beautiful examples of the classical period were presented, has research areas for different fields of science. In this respect, the art of miniature has also assumed the function of an auxiliary element in addition to its own artistic functions. Important manuscripts were produced during the classical period of miniature art, when Ottoman miniature artists were formed together with nakkas from Turkestan cities such as Shiraz, Tabriz and Herat. The works on different subjects such as history, literature and science were produced by the artists of the Topkapı Palace nakkaşhane or by special project teams supported by the patrons. This study includes the artistic life, statesman life, works, works of Nakkaş Hasan, one of the miniature artists of the Ottoman classical period, and the analysis of his works in terms of form and content. In the study where the art of the classical period is also examined, the similar and different aspects of Nakkaş Hasan with other miniature artists are also revealed. In the first part of the study, the biographical flow of the artist's life is presented. The administrative and military duties of the artist, also called Nakkaş Hasan Pasha, are described. After presenting the data on his artistic life, information about his works that can be identified is given. In the following chapters, his works are analyzed in detail in two aspects: content and subject matter. As a result of these examinations, Nakkaş Hasan's understanding of art is analyzed by comparing it with the works of the previous, contemporary and later painters. In our study, determinations were made about the classical miniature style and the place of Naqqash Hasan in the classical period was emphasized. By focusing on the methods of analyzing the works of miniature art, the technical possibilities of this art have been revealed. The mentality of the period was questioned through the works of Nakkaş Hasan.
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Keywords
Minyatür, Nakkaş Hasan, Nakkaş, Klasik dönem, Miniature, Classical Period