Bursa’da kalkan duvarlı camiler ve ön cephe düzenlemeleri
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Date
2019-02-14
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Osmanlı mimarisinde Bursa’ya özgü olarak bilinen kalkan duvarlı camiler; plan, malzeme, işçilik ve cephe düzenlemesi bakımından birbirine çok benzer. Ancak şüphesiz bu camilerin en dikkat çekici tarafı giriş cepheleridir. Üç kemer açıklıklı bu camilerin ön cephe duvarı, beden duvarlarını aşacak yükseklikte inşa edilmiş ve böylelikle Selçuklu mimarisindeki taç kapı görüntüsü verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bursa’da tespit edilen 36 kalkan duvarlı caminin büyük çoğunluğu 15. yüzyılda mahalle mescidi olarak inşa edilmiştir. Daha sonradan camiye çevrilen bu eserlerin hepsi almaşık duvarlıdır. Ön cephelerindeki tuğla süslemeleriyle de fark yaratan bu camiler; Orta Asya, Selçuklu ve Osmanlı etkileriyle şekillenmiş, 15. yüzyıl Bursa’sında oldukça tutulmuş hattâ başka mimarî eserlere de örnek teşkil etmiştir. Ancak bu camiler 16. yüzyılda Bursa’da etkisini kaybederek bir daha tercih edilmemiştir.
The gable-walled mosques known as peculiar to Bursa in the Ottoman architecture look quite similar in terms of planning, the materials used, craftsmanship and front arrangement. However, the most striking aspect of these mosques is undoubtedly their entrance frontage. The front walls of these three-arch span mosques were built in a way to exceed the height of their main walls and in this respect, they were meant to appear like crown gates available in the Seljuk architecture. The majority of the 36 gable-walled mosques detected in Bursa were built as neighbourhood masjid during the 15th century. All these constructions that were later turned into mosques have alternating walls. The related mosques which also make a difference with their front-side brick decorations were shaped under the influence of the Middle Asian, Seljuk and Ottoman states, became popular in Bursa in the 15th century and even served as a model for other architectural structures. Yet, these mosques lost their effect in Bursa during the 16th century and were not preferred again
The gable-walled mosques known as peculiar to Bursa in the Ottoman architecture look quite similar in terms of planning, the materials used, craftsmanship and front arrangement. However, the most striking aspect of these mosques is undoubtedly their entrance frontage. The front walls of these three-arch span mosques were built in a way to exceed the height of their main walls and in this respect, they were meant to appear like crown gates available in the Seljuk architecture. The majority of the 36 gable-walled mosques detected in Bursa were built as neighbourhood masjid during the 15th century. All these constructions that were later turned into mosques have alternating walls. The related mosques which also make a difference with their front-side brick decorations were shaped under the influence of the Middle Asian, Seljuk and Ottoman states, became popular in Bursa in the 15th century and even served as a model for other architectural structures. Yet, these mosques lost their effect in Bursa during the 16th century and were not preferred again
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Keywords
Bursa, Cephe düzenleme, Cami, Kalkan duvarı, Cami cephesi, Gable-walled, Mosque facade, Mosque, Facade arragement
Citation
Güler, S. (2019). "Bursa’da kalkan duvarlı camiler ve ön cephe düzenlemeleri". Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 59-97.