Bursa’da kadın mimar olmak: Serbest mimarlık pratiğinde kadın mimarların yeri
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Date
2023
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kadınlar, geçmişten günümüze mimariyi hem ideolojik hem de fonksiyonel olaraketkileyerek yapılı çevrenin oluşumuna katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Toplumların kadınabakış açıları, kadınların toplumsal hayata katılımı, bir meslek icra etmeleri konusundakiyaklaşımlar kültürel olarak farklılıklar içermektedir. Dünya genelinde mimarlıkalanında erkeklerin baskın ve söz sahibi olduğu bir çalışma ortamının hakim olduğugörülmektedir. Bu eril yapının baskısı altında çalışmalarını devam ettiren kadınlar,meslek hayatlarında çeşitli zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Batı'da mimarlıkmeslek alanında kadınların söz sahibi olmaya başlaması mimarlık okullarınınyaygınlaşmaya başladığı 19. yüzyılın sonları ile eş zamanlı olsa da mimarlık eğitimialabilen kadın sayısı çok azdır. Türkiye'de ise kadınların mimarlık meslek alanında aktifolarak görülmesi Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi'nden Leman Cevat Tomsu ve Münevver Belen Gözeler'in 1934 yılında mezun olması ile başlamıştır. Bu yıllardan itibaren Türkkentlerinin gelişiminde kadınlar da görev almışlardır.Tez çalışmasının amacı, Bursa'nın 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren kentselgelişiminde etkili olan kadın mimarları, yapılı çevreye etkileri üzerindendeğerlendirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında, Bursa Mimarlar Odası'na kayıtlı olup, 2022yılında büro tescil belgesi olan, serbest mimarlık pratiği içerisinde 10 yıl ve üzerideneyime sahip kadın mimarlarla sözlü görüşmeler planlanmıştır. Belirlenen kadınmimarlara açık uçlu sorular yöneltilmiştir. Katılımcılarla yapılan sözlü görüşmelerkatılımcıların bilgileri dahilinde kayıt altına alınmıştır. Elde edilen kayıtların dökümüyapıldıktan sonra yazıya aktarılarak, katılımcılara geri gönderilmiş, katılımcıların onayıalınarak düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, kadın mimarların meslekideneyimlerine bağlı olarak geliştirmiş oldukları mimari tasarım yaklaşımları ile mezunoldukları eğitim kurumlarından almış oldukları formasyonun tasarım düşüncelerine yönvermedeki katkısı ortaya konularak, Bursa'nın kentsel ve mimari gelişimine müellifioldukları projeler ile yaptıkları etki gözlemlenmiştir.
Women have contributed to the formation of the built environment by influencingarchitecture both ideologically and functionally from past to present. Societies'perspectives on women, women's participation in social life, approaches to performing aprofession include cultural differences. It is seen that a work environment in which mendominate and have a say is dominant in the field of architecture throughout the world.Women who continue to work under the pressure of this masculine structure facevarious difficulties in their professional lives. Even though the fact that women startedto have a say in the field of architecture in the West simultaneously with the end of the19th century, when architectural schools began to become widespread, the number ofwomen who could receive architectural education is very small. In Turkey, the activeparticipation of women in the field of architecture began with the graduation of LemanCevat Tomsu and Münevver Belen Gözeler from the School of Fine Arts in 1934. Sincethese years, women have also taken part in the development of Turkish cities.The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the women architects who have been influential inthe urban development of Bursa since the second half of the 20th century, through theireffects on the built environment. Within the scope of the study, verbal interviews wereplanned with female architects who are registered with the Bursa Chamber ofArchitects, have an office registration certificate in 2022, and have 10 years or moreexperience in freelance architectural practice. Open-ended questions were asked toselected female architects. Oral interviews with the participants were recorded withinthe knowledge of the participants. After the transcription of the records obtained, theywere transcribed and sent back to the participants, and they were edited after obtainingthe consent of the participants. As a result of the study, the contribution of thearchitectural design approaches that women architects have developed depending ontheir professional experiences and the formation they have received from theeducational institutions they graduated from in directing their design thoughts has beenrevealed, and the effect they have made on the urban and architectural development ofBursa with the projects they have been observed.
Women have contributed to the formation of the built environment by influencingarchitecture both ideologically and functionally from past to present. Societies'perspectives on women, women's participation in social life, approaches to performing aprofession include cultural differences. It is seen that a work environment in which mendominate and have a say is dominant in the field of architecture throughout the world.Women who continue to work under the pressure of this masculine structure facevarious difficulties in their professional lives. Even though the fact that women startedto have a say in the field of architecture in the West simultaneously with the end of the19th century, when architectural schools began to become widespread, the number ofwomen who could receive architectural education is very small. In Turkey, the activeparticipation of women in the field of architecture began with the graduation of LemanCevat Tomsu and Münevver Belen Gözeler from the School of Fine Arts in 1934. Sincethese years, women have also taken part in the development of Turkish cities.The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the women architects who have been influential inthe urban development of Bursa since the second half of the 20th century, through theireffects on the built environment. Within the scope of the study, verbal interviews wereplanned with female architects who are registered with the Bursa Chamber ofArchitects, have an office registration certificate in 2022, and have 10 years or moreexperience in freelance architectural practice. Open-ended questions were asked toselected female architects. Oral interviews with the participants were recorded withinthe knowledge of the participants. After the transcription of the records obtained, theywere transcribed and sent back to the participants, and they were edited after obtainingthe consent of the participants. As a result of the study, the contribution of thearchitectural design approaches that women architects have developed depending ontheir professional experiences and the formation they have received from theeducational institutions they graduated from in directing their design thoughts has beenrevealed, and the effect they have made on the urban and architectural development ofBursa with the projects they have been observed.
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Keywords
Kadın mimar, Yapılı çevre, Serbest mimarlık pratiği, Bursa, Women architect, Built environment, Free architectural practice
Citation
Demir, E. (2023). Bursa’da kadın mimar olmak: Serbest mimarlık pratiğinde kadın mimarların yeri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.