XVIII. Yüzyılda malikâne olarak mütegallibe eline geçen sancaklardan reayanın dağılmasına dair bir örnek: Eğinli İshak Paşa ve Arapgir Sancağı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022-04-03
Kurum Yazarları
Metin, Nihal
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Özet
XVIII. yüzyıl Anadolusu’nda reayanın göç etmesinin nedenlerinden biri de bölgedeki nüfuz sahibi mütegallibelerdi. Eğinli İshak Paşa da bunlardan biriydi. Nitekim paşanın ele geçirdiği Arapgir sancağına dair bir hükümde, ahalinin malikâne olarak yönetilmeye başladıkları günden itibaren rahat görmediği ve bir süre sonra da dağılmaya başladığı ifade edilmekteydi. Bu makalede, Arapgir Sancağı Mutasarrıfı Eğinli İshak Paşa’nın eşkıyalıktan paşalığa giden sürecinin bölgedeki sosyal ve idarî alanda etkileri incelenmektedir. Uzun yıllar Eğin ve Arapgir ahalisinin kendisi hakkında İstanbul’a şikâyette bulunduğu paşa, hakkında çıkan pek çok yakalama emrine rağmen bir türlü ele geçirilip cezalandırılamamıştır. Mahkemeler ve evler basmış, vergi yolsuzluğu yapmıştır. Ancak bazen suçunu inkâr edip af dilemiş, bazen nüfuzlu akrabalarına sığınarak onlardan yardım almış, bazen de bölgedeki Kürt aşiretlerden aldığı destekle kendisini yakalamaya gelen valilere karşı koymuştur. Bölgenin malikâne olarak tasarrufunu ele geçirdiğinde ise yalnızca maddî bir güce sahip olmamış, idarî olarak da nüfuzunu arttırmıştır. Paşanın hayatı boyunca huzur görmeyen ahali, ölümünden sonra dahi kurtulamamış, bu defa da malikânesinin zaptı için bölgedeki diğer mütegallibeler birbirine düşmüştür. Bölgeden göçleri önlemek isteyen devlet ise bu duruma çare olarak Arapgir’in malikâne kaydına müdahalelerde bulunmuştur.
In the 18th century, one of the reasons for the migration of the reaya in Anatolia was the influential usurpers (mutegallibe) in the region. Ishak Pasha (from Eğin) was one of them. A decree about the Arapgir Sanjak captured by the Pasha stated that the people did not feel comfortable from the day they began to be governed as life−term tax farms (malikane), and after a while, it began to disperse. This article examines the social and administrative consequences of the process of Ishak Pasha (from Eğin), who was the governor of Arapgir Sanjak, from brigandage to Pasha. The Pasha, whom the people of Eğin and Arapgir complained about to Istanbul for years, could not be captured and punished despite many arrest warrants. Courts and homes were raided and tax fraud took place. However, sometimes he denied his guilt and asked for forgiveness, sometimes he hid from his influential relatives and sought their help, and sometimes he resisted the governors who came to arrest him with the support of the Kurdish tribes in the region. By taking possession of the region in the form of a life−term tax farm, he gained financial power and increased his influence administratively. The people, who were not at peace throughout the life of the Pasha, could not save themselves even after his death, and this time the other rulers in the region fell against each other for the seizure of his life−term tax farm. The state, which wanted to prevent migration from the region, intervened in the registration of the Arapgir life−term tax farm as a solution to this situation.
In the 18th century, one of the reasons for the migration of the reaya in Anatolia was the influential usurpers (mutegallibe) in the region. Ishak Pasha (from Eğin) was one of them. A decree about the Arapgir Sanjak captured by the Pasha stated that the people did not feel comfortable from the day they began to be governed as life−term tax farms (malikane), and after a while, it began to disperse. This article examines the social and administrative consequences of the process of Ishak Pasha (from Eğin), who was the governor of Arapgir Sanjak, from brigandage to Pasha. The Pasha, whom the people of Eğin and Arapgir complained about to Istanbul for years, could not be captured and punished despite many arrest warrants. Courts and homes were raided and tax fraud took place. However, sometimes he denied his guilt and asked for forgiveness, sometimes he hid from his influential relatives and sought their help, and sometimes he resisted the governors who came to arrest him with the support of the Kurdish tribes in the region. By taking possession of the region in the form of a life−term tax farm, he gained financial power and increased his influence administratively. The people, who were not at peace throughout the life of the Pasha, could not save themselves even after his death, and this time the other rulers in the region fell against each other for the seizure of his life−term tax farm. The state, which wanted to prevent migration from the region, intervened in the registration of the Arapgir life−term tax farm as a solution to this situation.
Açıklama
Anahtar kelimeler
İç göç, Malikâne, Sancak, Mütegallibe, Mutasarrıf, Internal migration, Life−term tax farm (malikane), Sanjak, Usurper (mutegallibe), Mutasarrif
Alıntı
Metin, N. (2022). ''XVIII. Yüzyılda malikâne olarak mütegallibe eline geçen sancaklardan reayanın dağılmasına dair bir örnek: Eğinli İshak Paşa ve Arapgir Sancağı''. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 15(1), 127-142.