Türkiye’de bitki hastalıklarına karşı ruhsatlı bazı biyofungisitlerin, insanlarda otomikoz nedeni Aspergillus niger’e karşı in-vitro koşullarda etkililikleri
Date
2024
Authors
Basut, Oğuz İbrahim
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de halen pamuk, domates ve sera’da yetiştirilen hıyar ve çilekte Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp. ve Botrytis cinerea’ya karşı ruhsatlı olan iki Trichoderma türünü içeren (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2) ve (Trichoderma viride strain Tv1) bitki koruma ürünü biyolojik fungisitlerin (T-22 Planter Box ve Bio-Cure F) Aspergillus niger’e in vitro koşullarda etkililikleri iki farklı sıcaklıkta araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan Trichoderma türleri piyasada bitki koruma ürünü olarak satılan ticari kutulardan bir miktar ürünün, Patates Dekstroz Agar (PDA) ortamı üzerinde geliştirilmesi ile, A. niger ise hastalıklı domates köklerinden yine aynı ortam üzerinde izolasyonla elde edilmişlerdir. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre, içerisinde PDA ortamı bulunan 9 cm çapındaki petri koşullarında ikili kültür yöntemine göre yapılmıştır. Trichoderma izolatları ve A. niger izolatı 7 günlük kültürlerinden 5 mm çapında diskler alınarak aynı petri içerisinde aynı anda ekilerek karşı karşıya getirilmiştir. Çalışma, biri fungusların ideal gelişim sıcaklığı olan 23°C’de, diğeri de insanların normal vücut sıcaklığı olan 37°C de çalışan inkübatörde fungusların 15 gün inkübasyona tabi tutulmaları şeklinde yapılmıştır. Daha sonra A. niger’in petride gelişerek kapsadığı alan 0-4 skalasına göre belirlenerek, Trichoderma izolatlarının A. niger’in gelişimine etkileri saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, T. harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2 ve T. viride strain Tv1’nin A. niger’e in vitro koşullarda ve 23°C’de etkililikleri en yüksek olarak, inkübasyonun 7. gününde, sırasıyla %43,7 ve %52,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. T. harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2’nin aynı fungusa, aynı koşullarda fakat 37°C’deki etkililiği ise, en yüksek olarak, yine inkübasyonun 7. gününde, %39,6 olarak saptanmıştır. T. viride strain Tv1 ise 37°C’de gelişemediğinden, bu sıcaklıkta A. niger’e tamamen etkisiz bulunmuştur.
In this study, two Trichoderma species (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2, Trichoderma viride strain Tv1) that are currently licensed against Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Botrytis cinerea in cotton, tomato, greenhouse-grown cucumbers and strawberry in Turkey were investigated. Biological fungicides (T-22 Planter Box and Bio-Cure F) were investigated for their effectiveness against Aspergillus niger in vitro at two different temperatures. Trichoderma species used in the study were obtained by from commercial boxes sold and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. A. niger as a causative agent of external otitis was isolated from diseased tomato roots are cultured on the same medium. The study was conducted according to the randomized plot trial design and the double culture method in 9 cm diameter petri dishes containing PDA medium. 5 mm disc from cultures of Trichoderma isolates and A. niger isolate were set at one side of PDA in same petri dishes at the same time. The study was carried out by incubating the fungi for 15 days in one incubator operating at 23°C, which is the ideal growth temperature of fungi, and the other at 37°C, which is the normal body temperature of humans. Then, the area covered by A. niger growing in the petri dish was determined according to the 0-4 scale, and the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the development of A. niger were determined. At the end of the study, the effectiveness of T. harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2 and T. viride strain Tv1 against A. niger in in vitro conditions and at 23°C was highest on the 7th day of incubation, 43,7% and 52,1% respectively. The effectiveness of T. harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2 against the same fungus, under the same conditions but at 37°C, was found to be highest at 39,6% on the 7th day of incubation. Since T. viride strain Tv1 could not grow at 37°C, it was found to be completely ineffective against A. niger at this temperature.
In this study, two Trichoderma species (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2, Trichoderma viride strain Tv1) that are currently licensed against Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp. and Botrytis cinerea in cotton, tomato, greenhouse-grown cucumbers and strawberry in Turkey were investigated. Biological fungicides (T-22 Planter Box and Bio-Cure F) were investigated for their effectiveness against Aspergillus niger in vitro at two different temperatures. Trichoderma species used in the study were obtained by from commercial boxes sold and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. A. niger as a causative agent of external otitis was isolated from diseased tomato roots are cultured on the same medium. The study was conducted according to the randomized plot trial design and the double culture method in 9 cm diameter petri dishes containing PDA medium. 5 mm disc from cultures of Trichoderma isolates and A. niger isolate were set at one side of PDA in same petri dishes at the same time. The study was carried out by incubating the fungi for 15 days in one incubator operating at 23°C, which is the ideal growth temperature of fungi, and the other at 37°C, which is the normal body temperature of humans. Then, the area covered by A. niger growing in the petri dish was determined according to the 0-4 scale, and the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the development of A. niger were determined. At the end of the study, the effectiveness of T. harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2 and T. viride strain Tv1 against A. niger in in vitro conditions and at 23°C was highest on the 7th day of incubation, 43,7% and 52,1% respectively. The effectiveness of T. harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2 against the same fungus, under the same conditions but at 37°C, was found to be highest at 39,6% on the 7th day of incubation. Since T. viride strain Tv1 could not grow at 37°C, it was found to be completely ineffective against A. niger at this temperature.
Description
Keywords
Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger 2024