10-11 yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin kesirleri kavramaları üzerine deneysel bir çalışma
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Date
2007-10-22
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, eşit dağıtım ve paylaştırma durumlarını, problem çözmeyi, grup ve sınıf tartışmalarını esas alan bir deneysel öğrenme ortamının 4 ve 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin kesir kavramını kazanımları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Çalışmayı gerçekleştirmek için deney grubu olarak seçilen bir ilköğretim okulunda 16 ders saati süreyle öğretim yapılmış ve sonuçlar kontrol grubu olarak seçilen başka bir ilköğretim okulundan elde edilen sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğretimin planlanmasında ve yürütülmesinde Yapılandırmacılık ve Gerçekçi Matematik Eğitimi yaklaşımları esas alınmıştır. Her iki gruba, grupları denkleştirmek ve başarı düzeylerine göre alt gruplara ayırmak amacıyla Genel Matematiksel Başarı Testi (GMBT), öğretimin etkisini ölçmek amacıyla Kesir Kavrayış Ön Testi (KKÖT) ve Kesir Kavrayış Son Testi (KKST) uygulanmıştır. Deney grubundaki öğrenciler öğretime devam ederken, kontrol grubundaki öğrenciler öğretmen merkezli sunumun ve bireysel ödevli çalışmaların ağırlıkta olduğu geleneksel öğretimlerini sürdürmüşlerdir. Çalışmanın nicel sonuçları, öğretimin sonunda deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerinkinden daha güçlü ve ilişkisel bir kavrayış kazandıklarını göstermiştir. Bunun yanında öğretimin etkisinin öğrencilerin başarı düzeylerine ve cinsiyetlerine göre farklılaşmadığı da ortaya çıkmıştır. Nitel sonuçlar ise, deney grubundaki öğrencilerin özellikle temel kavramların (birim kesir, kesirlerin denkliği, kesirleri karşılaştırma ve sıralama vs.) anlamlarının kazanımı ve problemleri görselleştirme açısından kontrol grubundakilere göre daha ileri bir düzeye ulaştıklarını göstermiştir.
In this study, effect of an experimental learning environment which emphasizes equal distributing and sharing, problem solving, group and class discussions on fourth and fifth grader’s acquisition of fraction understanding is examined. To carry out the study, an instruction that lasted 16 lessons was given in a primary school, which was selected as experimental group, and results were compared with the results that were gained from another primary school, which was selected as control group. Constructivism and Realistic Mathematics Education approaches were relied on during planning and execution of instruction. General Mathematical Achievement Test, Fractional Understanding Pre-Test (FUPreT) and Fractional Understanding Post Test (FUPT) were conducted to both of experimental and control group to equalize groups, to construct sub-groups based on the level of achievement and to evaluate effect of instruction. Students in the control group followed their routine lessons that focused on teacher-centered presentation and studies with individual tasks while students in the experimental group were proceeding with instruction. Quantitative results of study pointed out that students in the experimental group had gained more sound and relational understanding than that of students in the control group at the end of instruction. Furthermore, it was revealed that the effect of instruction do not differentiate in the sense of students’ achievement level and gender. Qualitative results showed that students in the experimental group reached more advanced level in terms of acquisition of basic concepts’ underlying meanings (unit fraction, equality of fractions, comparing and ordering fractions etc.) and visualization of problems when compared the control group.
In this study, effect of an experimental learning environment which emphasizes equal distributing and sharing, problem solving, group and class discussions on fourth and fifth grader’s acquisition of fraction understanding is examined. To carry out the study, an instruction that lasted 16 lessons was given in a primary school, which was selected as experimental group, and results were compared with the results that were gained from another primary school, which was selected as control group. Constructivism and Realistic Mathematics Education approaches were relied on during planning and execution of instruction. General Mathematical Achievement Test, Fractional Understanding Pre-Test (FUPreT) and Fractional Understanding Post Test (FUPT) were conducted to both of experimental and control group to equalize groups, to construct sub-groups based on the level of achievement and to evaluate effect of instruction. Students in the control group followed their routine lessons that focused on teacher-centered presentation and studies with individual tasks while students in the experimental group were proceeding with instruction. Quantitative results of study pointed out that students in the experimental group had gained more sound and relational understanding than that of students in the control group at the end of instruction. Furthermore, it was revealed that the effect of instruction do not differentiate in the sense of students’ achievement level and gender. Qualitative results showed that students in the experimental group reached more advanced level in terms of acquisition of basic concepts’ underlying meanings (unit fraction, equality of fractions, comparing and ordering fractions etc.) and visualization of problems when compared the control group.
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Keywords
Matematik öğretimi, Kesirler, Kesir öğretimi, Kavram geliştirme, Matematics teaching, Fractions, Teaching fractions, Concept development
Citation
Yazgan, Y. (2007). 10-11 yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin kesirleri kavramaları üzerine deneysel bir çalışma. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.