Geleneksel gıdalardan izole edilen bazı laktik asit bakterilerinin genotipik tanımlanması, antimikrobiyal direnç, ekzopolisakkarit ve bakteriyosin üreten genlerinin araştırılması
Date
2024-10-11
Authors
Özcan, Ali
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışmada, Laktik Asit Bakterileri’nin (LAB) bazı genetik özellikleri incelenerek starter kültür seçimine katkı sağlanması amaçlandı. Çalışma kapsamında, ISO 15214 standardında belirtilen yöntemlere göre tanımlanmış 50 LAB suşu, doğrulama amaçlı olarak MALDI-TOF MS ve Ribotiplendirme yöntemleri kullanılarak yeniden tanımlamaları yapıldı. NGS tekniği ile sekans analizleri gerçekleştirildi ve elde edilen ham verilerin FastQC aracı ile kalite kontrolleri yapıldı. Bu kontroller sonrasında seçilen 35 adet suşun gen annotasyonları Geneious Prime 2022.1.0 programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Web tabanlı NCBI AMRFinder, BAGEL4 ve antiSMASH araçları kullanılarak, antibiyotik direnç gen bölgeleri, bakteriyosin ve ekzoselüler polisakkarit (EPS) üreten gen bölgeleri tespit edildi. Çalışmada yer alan Enterococcus faecium izolatlarında aminoglikozid, MLSB ve vankomisin direnç genlerinin yaygın olduğu bulundu. Özellikle SY16 suşunda vanC ve vanD tipi vankomisin direnç genlerinin bulunması, bu suşun nadir bir genotip olduğunu göstermektedir. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus izolatlarında aacA-ENT1, eat(A), msr(C), tet(A)(60) ve vanR-N genleri tespit edildi. Streptococcus thermophilus izolatlarında ise lmo0919, tet(B)(60) ve vanT-Cd genleri bulundu. Bu genler linkozamid, tetrasiklin ve vankomisin direnci hakkında fikir verdi. Ayrıca, S. thermophilus izolatlarının daha geniş bir bakteriyosin gen çeşitliliğine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Bu türde mutacin IV, bovicin 255, streptide ve thermophilin A/B gibi bakteriyosinler tespit edildi. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus izolatlarında Enterolysin A geni yaygınken, E. faecium izolatlarında Enterocin A, Enterocin P ve Enterolysin A genleri bulundu. EPS üretimi ile ilişkili olarak, E. faecium, S. thermophilus ve L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus izolatlarında çeşitli gen bölgeleri tespit edildi. LAB türlerinin antibiyotik direnci, bakteriyosin ve EPS üretim potansiyelinin belirlenmesi için bu alanlarda derinlemesine daha fazla çalışma faydalı olacaktır.
The study aimed to contribute to the selection of starter cultures by examining certain genetic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In the study, 50 LAB strains identified according to the methods specified in the ISO 15214 standard were re-identified for verification purposes using MALDI-TOF MS and Ribotyping methods. Sequence analyses were conducted using the NGS technique, and the raw data obtained were quality-checked with the FastQC tool. Following these quality controls, gene annotations of 35 selected strains were performed using the Geneious Prime 2022.1.0 software. Web-based tools, including NCBI AMRFinder, BAGEL4, and antiSMASH, were used to detect gene regions associated with antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Among the Enterococcus faecium isolates, aminoglycoside, MLSB, and vancomycin resistance genes were commonly found. The presence of both vanC and vanD type vancomycin resistance genes in the SY16 strain indicates a rare genotype. In Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, the genes aacA-ENT1, eat(A), msr(C), tet(A)(60), and vanR-N were detected. For Streptococcus thermophilus isolates, lmo0919, tet(B)(60), and vanT-Cd genes were identified, suggesting resistance to lincosamide, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Additionally, S. thermophilus isolates exhibited a broader diversity of bacteriocin genes, including mutacin IV, bovicin 255, streptide, and thermophilin A/B. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolates were predominantly associated with the Enterolysin A gene, while E. faecium isolates contained Enterocin A, Enterocin P, and Enterolysin A genes. Several gene regions associated with EPS production were also identified in E. faecium, S. thermophilus, and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolates. In-depth studies on the antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, and EPS synthesis potential of LAB species would be beneficial for further exploration in these areas.
The study aimed to contribute to the selection of starter cultures by examining certain genetic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In the study, 50 LAB strains identified according to the methods specified in the ISO 15214 standard were re-identified for verification purposes using MALDI-TOF MS and Ribotyping methods. Sequence analyses were conducted using the NGS technique, and the raw data obtained were quality-checked with the FastQC tool. Following these quality controls, gene annotations of 35 selected strains were performed using the Geneious Prime 2022.1.0 software. Web-based tools, including NCBI AMRFinder, BAGEL4, and antiSMASH, were used to detect gene regions associated with antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Among the Enterococcus faecium isolates, aminoglycoside, MLSB, and vancomycin resistance genes were commonly found. The presence of both vanC and vanD type vancomycin resistance genes in the SY16 strain indicates a rare genotype. In Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, the genes aacA-ENT1, eat(A), msr(C), tet(A)(60), and vanR-N were detected. For Streptococcus thermophilus isolates, lmo0919, tet(B)(60), and vanT-Cd genes were identified, suggesting resistance to lincosamide, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Additionally, S. thermophilus isolates exhibited a broader diversity of bacteriocin genes, including mutacin IV, bovicin 255, streptide, and thermophilin A/B. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolates were predominantly associated with the Enterolysin A gene, while E. faecium isolates contained Enterocin A, Enterocin P, and Enterolysin A genes. Several gene regions associated with EPS production were also identified in E. faecium, S. thermophilus, and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus isolates. In-depth studies on the antibiotic resistance, bacteriocin production, and EPS synthesis potential of LAB species would be beneficial for further exploration in these areas.
Description
Keywords
Laktik asit bakterileri, Starter kültür seçimi, Antibiyotik direnci geni, Bakteriyosin biyosentez geni, EPS biyosentez geni, Yeni nesil dizileme, Lactic acid bacteria, Starter culture selection, Antibiotic resistance gene, Bacteriocin biosynthesis gene, EPS biosynthesis gene, Next-generation sequencing (NGS)