Plazma lipoproteinleri ve klinik önemi
Date
2000-07-24
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Plazma lipoproteinleri genellikle suda çözünmeyen kolesterol, trigliserit gibi makromoleküllerin kandaki taşınma formlarıdır. Plazma lipoproteinleri dansitelerine göre beş gruba ayrılabilir; şilomikronlar, çok düşük dansiteli lipoproteinler (VLDL), orta dansiteli lipoproteinler (IDL), düşük dansiteli lipoproteinler (LDL) ve yüksek dansiteli lipoproteinler (HDL). Plazma lipoproteinlerin yapısında, nispeten her lipoprotein tipi için karakteristik kabul edilen ve alfabetik olarak A, B, C, v.b. şeklinde adlandırılan yaklaşık on değişik apoprotein bulunmaktadır. Gerek insanlarda ve gerekse hayvanlarda lipoprotein metabolizması benzerlikler gösterir. Lipoproteinlerin metabolizmada farklı görevleri vardır. Şilomikronlar eksojen lipitlerin barsaklardan karaciğere transportunda fonksiyon görürken, LDL ve VLDL dokuların lipit ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında; HDL ise kolesterolün dokulardan karaciğere transportunda görevlidir. Metabolizmada benzerlikler olmasına rağmen, türler arasında lipoprotein grupları seviyelerinde farklılıklar olabilir. Örneğin, insanlarda LDL, plazmadaki total lipoprotein konsantrasyonunun yarısını oluştururken; sığırlarda HDL plazmadaki ana lipoprotein fraksiyonudur. Hayvanlarda, plazmadaki lipoprotein düzeylerinde değişimlere yol açan bozukluklar ile karşılaşılabilmektdir. Sığırlardaki karaciğer yağlanması, köpeklerdeki hipotiroidizm, Diabetes mellitus ve nefrotik sendrom kandaki lipoprotein seviyelerinde değişimler meydana getiren önemli metabolik hastalıklardandır.
The plasma lipoproteins are the transportation forms of some macromolecules such as cholesterol, triacylglicerols that are generally not soluble in water. The plasma lipoproteins can be classified into five groups according to densities; chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). In the structure of plasma liporoteins, there are about ten different molecules called apoproteins that are accepted the characteristic of each type of lipoprotein, and these molecules are named as alphabetically such as A, B, C, etc. In either humans or animals, lipoprotein metabolism has similarities. The plasma lipoproteins have different functions in metabolism. Among them, while chylomicrons are responsible for the transportation of exogenous lipids from the intestine to the liver, VLDL and LDL are responsible for providing the lipid requirements of the tissues. As for HDL, it is responsible for the transportation of cholesterol from the tissues to the liver. Among the species, despite the similarities in the lipoprotein metabolism, there can be differences in the levels of the groups of lipoproteins. For instance, while LDL amounts to the half of the total plasma lipoproteins in humans, HDL is the main fraction of the plasma lipoproteins in cattle. In animals, we can meet the diseases that cause the changes in the levels of the plasma lipoproteins. Fatty liver in cattle, hypothyroidism, Diabetes mellitus and nephrotic syndrome in dogs are the important metabolic diseases that cause the changes in the levels of the plasma lipoproteins.
The plasma lipoproteins are the transportation forms of some macromolecules such as cholesterol, triacylglicerols that are generally not soluble in water. The plasma lipoproteins can be classified into five groups according to densities; chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). In the structure of plasma liporoteins, there are about ten different molecules called apoproteins that are accepted the characteristic of each type of lipoprotein, and these molecules are named as alphabetically such as A, B, C, etc. In either humans or animals, lipoprotein metabolism has similarities. The plasma lipoproteins have different functions in metabolism. Among them, while chylomicrons are responsible for the transportation of exogenous lipids from the intestine to the liver, VLDL and LDL are responsible for providing the lipid requirements of the tissues. As for HDL, it is responsible for the transportation of cholesterol from the tissues to the liver. Among the species, despite the similarities in the lipoprotein metabolism, there can be differences in the levels of the groups of lipoproteins. For instance, while LDL amounts to the half of the total plasma lipoproteins in humans, HDL is the main fraction of the plasma lipoproteins in cattle. In animals, we can meet the diseases that cause the changes in the levels of the plasma lipoproteins. Fatty liver in cattle, hypothyroidism, Diabetes mellitus and nephrotic syndrome in dogs are the important metabolic diseases that cause the changes in the levels of the plasma lipoproteins.
Description
Keywords
Animal, Lipoprotein, Hayvan, Clinical importance, Klinik önem, Hiperkolesterolemi, Hipertrigliseridemi, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia
Citation
Yalçın, A. ve Çetin, M. (2001). "Plazma lipoproteinleri ve klinik önemi". Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 123-129.