Hüseyin Nihâl Atsız`da politik olan ve devlet fikri
Date
2024-07-25
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İnsan, doğası gereği sosyopolitik yapı içerisine hapsedilmiş zoon politikon`dur. Nitekim insan, tarihin her aşamasında içerisinde bulunduğu sosyopolitik yapının sınırlarını öğrenme ve bu doğrultuda “ideal sistemler” keşfetme ihtiyacı duymuştur. Belirli bir halk/milletin belirli toprak parçası üzerindeki siyasî durumu olan devlet, modern insan açısından aşılamaz bir gerçekliktir. Fakat 20.yüzyıla gelindiğinde devletin “aşkın siyasî güç” olma özelliği liberal ve anarşist dünya görüşlerince sekteye uğratılmıştır. Liberal ve anarşist dünya görüşlerine meydan okuyan 20. yüzyılın en önemli isimlerden biri Carl Schmitt`dir. 20.yüzyılın ekonomi-teknik dünya görüşüne karşı Schmitt`in silahı “siyasal kavramı”dır. Schmitt, 20. yüzyılda “devlet” kavramıyla ilgili anlayışlarda yaşanan krizi, “siyasal kavramı”ndan hareketle bertaraf etmeğe çalışmıştır. Schmitt`in “devlet” kavramlaştırması, özellikle “siyasal kavramı”nın iki temel sütunu olan jus belli ve hostis kavramları üzerinden gerçek siyasî hüviyete kavuşmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada 20. yüzyılın önemli Türkçü ideologlarından biri olan Hüseyin Nihâl Atsız`ın kaleme aldığı eserler, Schmitt`in “politik olan” ve “devlet” kavramlarıyla ilgili anlayışlar esas alınarak çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma boyunca Atsız fikriyatının temel yapıtaşı olan “ülkü” kavramının Schmitt`in “siyasal kavramı”yla olan benzer ve farklı tarafları açığa çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. “Ülkü” kavramından hareketle Atsız`da mümkün “devlet” biçiminin sınırları, Schmitt`in “devlet” kavramlaştırması esas alınarak saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bakımdan tezin temel önermesi, politik olan olarak “ülkü” kavramından yola çıkarak Atsız`da “devlet” kavramlaştırması yapılabilir olmaktadır.
A person is a zoon politikon who is imprisoned within a sociopolitical structure by nature. As a matter of fact, man has felt the need to learn the boundaries of the sociopolitical structure he is in at every stage of history and to discover “ideal systems” in this direction. The state, which is the political situation of a certain people/nation on a certain piece of land, is an insuperable reality from the point of view of modern man. But by the 20th century, the state`s ability to be a “transcendent political power” was disrupted by liberal and anarchist worldviews. One of the most important figures of the 20th century who challenged liberal andanarchist worldviews was Carl Schmitt. Schmitt`s weapon against the economic-technical worldview of the 20th century is the “political concept”. Schmitt has triedto eliminate the crisis experienced in the understanding of the concept of “state” in the 20th century by using the “political concept”. Schmitt's conceptualization of the “state” achieves a real political identity, especially through the concepts of jus belli and hostis, which are the two main pillars of the “political concept”. Therefore, in this study, the works written by Hüseyin Nihal Atsiz, one of the important Turkish ideologists of the 20th century, were tried to be analyzed based on Schmitt`s understanding of the concepts of “political” and “state”. Throughout the study, similar and different sides of the concept of “ideal”, which is the basic building block of Atsiz`s idea, with Schmitt`s “political concept” have been tried to be revealed. Starting from the concept of “ideal”, the limits of the possible form of “state” in Atsız have been tried to be determined based on Schmitt`s conceptualization of the “state”. In this respect, the basic premise of the thesis is that based on the concept of “ideal” as a political one, the conceptualization of “state” can be made in Atsız.
A person is a zoon politikon who is imprisoned within a sociopolitical structure by nature. As a matter of fact, man has felt the need to learn the boundaries of the sociopolitical structure he is in at every stage of history and to discover “ideal systems” in this direction. The state, which is the political situation of a certain people/nation on a certain piece of land, is an insuperable reality from the point of view of modern man. But by the 20th century, the state`s ability to be a “transcendent political power” was disrupted by liberal and anarchist worldviews. One of the most important figures of the 20th century who challenged liberal andanarchist worldviews was Carl Schmitt. Schmitt`s weapon against the economic-technical worldview of the 20th century is the “political concept”. Schmitt has triedto eliminate the crisis experienced in the understanding of the concept of “state” in the 20th century by using the “political concept”. Schmitt's conceptualization of the “state” achieves a real political identity, especially through the concepts of jus belli and hostis, which are the two main pillars of the “political concept”. Therefore, in this study, the works written by Hüseyin Nihal Atsiz, one of the important Turkish ideologists of the 20th century, were tried to be analyzed based on Schmitt`s understanding of the concepts of “political” and “state”. Throughout the study, similar and different sides of the concept of “ideal”, which is the basic building block of Atsiz`s idea, with Schmitt`s “political concept” have been tried to be revealed. Starting from the concept of “ideal”, the limits of the possible form of “state” in Atsız have been tried to be determined based on Schmitt`s conceptualization of the “state”. In this respect, the basic premise of the thesis is that based on the concept of “ideal” as a political one, the conceptualization of “state” can be made in Atsız.
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Keywords
Politik olan, Dost-düşman, Ülkü, Türkçü Nomos, Devlet, Egemenlik, Diktatörlük, The political concept, Friend-foe, Ideal, Turkic Nomos, The state, Sovereignty, The dictatorship