Fındık üretiminde iyi tarım uygulamaları Sakarya ili, Kocaali ilçesi örneği
Date
2020-02-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Dünya’da her geçen yıl artan nüfus ve azalan üretim alanıyla tarım sektöründe köklü değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Dünya nüfusunun gıda ihtiyacını karşılayabilmek için yeterli ürünlerin sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle birim alandan daha fazla ürün elde edilmeye çalışılmaktadır ve bu da tarım arazilerinde yoğun kimyasal kullanımını beraberinde getirmektedir. Kimyasalların kullanımı ile birlikte yer altı sularında örneğin nitrat birikmesi gibi kimyasal kirlilikler meydana gelmektedir ve su sorununu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Aynı zamanda kontrolsüz üretim modellerinden elde edilen ürünlerde pestisit kalıntı problemi insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Üretim alanında yaşanan olumsuzluklar, tarımsal üretimin aşamalarının kontrol altına alınması gerekliliği ortaya çıkarmıştır. Avrupa’da özellikle yaş sebze ve meyve pazarında büyük pay sahibi perakendecilerin bir araya gelmesiyle Euro Retailer Produce Working Group Good Agriculture Practice (EUREPGAP) adıyla belgelendirme sistemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Değişen uygulamalar ve iyileştirmelerle uluslararası boyuta taşınan EUREPGAP 2007 yılında ismini GLOBALGAP olarak değiştirmiş ve bu isimle günümüze kadar devam eden belgelendirme süreci yaşanmıştır. Ülkemizde de bu gereklilikler sonunda İyi Tarım Uygulamaları (İTU) adıyla uygulamaya geçilen belgelendirmeyle desteklenen bir üretim modeli uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de uygulanan fındık üretiminde İTU incelenmiş ve bu alandaki etkileri saptanmıştır. Araştırmada, Sakarya İli Kocaali İlçesi’nde fındık üretimi yapan üreticilerinin İTU ile birlikte elde ettiği avantajların belirlenmesi ve İTU’nun fındık üretimine etkilerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma alanı olarak, Kocaali İlçesi’nde fındık üretim faaliyetinde bulunan 524 üretici ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. İTU yapan 262 üretici ve İTU yapmayan 262 üretici olmak üzere toplam 524 fındık üreticisi ile yüz yüze görüşülmüştür. Anket sorularıyla üreticilerin demografik özellikleri tespit edilerek, üreticilerin İTU ile ilgili görüşleri (uygulamalardan nasıl haberdar oldukları, yaşadığı sorunlar vb) ve İTU’nun uygulanabilirliği, üretici nezdinde zorlukları, avantaj ve dezavantajları üzerine sorular yönlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İTU’nun fındık üretiminde pek çok olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Every year, with the increasing population and decreasing production area in the world, there are radical changes in the agricultural sector. It is aimed to provide sufficient products to supply the food needs of the world population. For this reason, more products are tried to be obtained from the unit area, which brings intense use of chemicals in agricultural lands. With the use of chemicals, chemical impurities occur in the groundwater, for example, nitrate accumulation, and bring along the water problem. At the same time, pesticide residue problem threatens human health in products obtained from uncontrolled production models. The negativities in the field of production revealed the necessity of controlling the stages of agricultural production. With the gathering of big retailers in Europe especially in the vegetable and fruit market, a certification system has emerged under the name of Euro Retailer Produce Working Group Good Agriculture Practice (EUREPGAP). Moving to an international dimension with changing applications and improvements, EUREPGAP changed its name to GLOBALGAP in 2007 and has been undergoing certification process with this name. As a result of these requirements, a production model supported by certification, which was put into practice under the name of Good Agricultural Practices (ITU), has been implemented in our country. This study examines the ITU in hazelnut production in Turkey and effects applied in this area has been identified. In the study, it was aimed to determine the advantages of the producers producing hazelnuts in Kocaali District of Sakarya Province together with ITU and to determine the effects of ITU on hazelnut production. As a research area, a survey was conducted with 524 producers engaged in hazelnut production in Kocaali District. A total of 524 hazelnut producers were interviewed face-to-face, with 262 producers doing ITU and 262 producers without ITU. With the questionnaire questions, the demographic characteristics of the producers were determined, and questions were raised on the opinions of the producers about ITU (how they are aware of the applications, the problems they experienced, etc.) and the applicability of ITU, the difficulties, advantages and disadvantages of the producers. As a result, it has been determined that ITU has many positive effects on hazelnut production.
Every year, with the increasing population and decreasing production area in the world, there are radical changes in the agricultural sector. It is aimed to provide sufficient products to supply the food needs of the world population. For this reason, more products are tried to be obtained from the unit area, which brings intense use of chemicals in agricultural lands. With the use of chemicals, chemical impurities occur in the groundwater, for example, nitrate accumulation, and bring along the water problem. At the same time, pesticide residue problem threatens human health in products obtained from uncontrolled production models. The negativities in the field of production revealed the necessity of controlling the stages of agricultural production. With the gathering of big retailers in Europe especially in the vegetable and fruit market, a certification system has emerged under the name of Euro Retailer Produce Working Group Good Agriculture Practice (EUREPGAP). Moving to an international dimension with changing applications and improvements, EUREPGAP changed its name to GLOBALGAP in 2007 and has been undergoing certification process with this name. As a result of these requirements, a production model supported by certification, which was put into practice under the name of Good Agricultural Practices (ITU), has been implemented in our country. This study examines the ITU in hazelnut production in Turkey and effects applied in this area has been identified. In the study, it was aimed to determine the advantages of the producers producing hazelnuts in Kocaali District of Sakarya Province together with ITU and to determine the effects of ITU on hazelnut production. As a research area, a survey was conducted with 524 producers engaged in hazelnut production in Kocaali District. A total of 524 hazelnut producers were interviewed face-to-face, with 262 producers doing ITU and 262 producers without ITU. With the questionnaire questions, the demographic characteristics of the producers were determined, and questions were raised on the opinions of the producers about ITU (how they are aware of the applications, the problems they experienced, etc.) and the applicability of ITU, the difficulties, advantages and disadvantages of the producers. As a result, it has been determined that ITU has many positive effects on hazelnut production.
Description
Keywords
İyi tarım uygulamaları, Good agricultural practices, Fındık üretimi, Sakarya, Kocaali, Hazelnut production
Citation
Tüccar, M. (2020). Fındık üretiminde iyi tarım uygulamaları Sakarya ili, Kocaali ilçesi örneği. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.