Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi

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The absurd aspect of the death of god
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Kuçlu, Erhan; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Sosyoloji Bölümü.
After the death of God we came up against the loss of supreme value and thus loss of meaning, some philosophers and some writers (especially absurdist ones) call the new world as chaotic and absurd. In this paper, we will investigate the relationship between the death of God and absurdity. Our main question: Does the death of God have the absurdist vein? For this inquiry, first of all, we will try to introduce what is the meaning of the-death-of-God in absurd literature and then we will make a short conceptual analysis of absurd to show relationship between them.
Adorno’s aesthetic theory: Aesthetic display of the empirical reality
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-16) Hatipoğlu, Özüm
Theodor Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory illuminates the basic question of the aesthetic claim to truth. Adorno’s text presents key philosophical questions about the nature of aesthetics. Through grounding Adorno’s aesthetic theory in Hegelian logic, this article explicates why and how the veracity of a modern artwork dwells in its claim to the truth of its own untruth. What is the relation between aesthetic truth and the objective truth of empirical reality? Can aesthetic truth disclose the truth of empirical reality? By relating negatively to what Adorno calls the empirical reality, modern artworks not only become identical to their nonidentity, but also present that which they are nonidentical with as their formative ground. If the truth of an object is mediated, aesthetic truth must disclose the degree of objectivity found in empirical reality. Consequently, aesthetic truth becomes for-itself a mediated truth, and aesthetic truth comes to reveal the mediatedness of empirical reality.
Aestheticizing politics and politicising aesthetics: Principles of aesthetics in the context of totalitarianism
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2024-09-01) Krupa, Henrieta
This article examines the complex interplay between art, society, and power, focusing on the aesthetic strategies employed by totalitarian regimes, particularly Hitler’s Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union. Both regimes harnessed aesthetics to propagate their ideologies and suppress dissent. While Nazi Germany aestheticized politics to promote their ideology of racial purity, the Soviet Union politicised aesthetics to glorify the proletariat and the Soviet state through Socialist Realism. The regimes’ manipulation of aesthetics reveals how art can become instrumental in enforcing authoritarian control and shaping public perception through manipulating emotions. The paper further examines common aesthetic principles utilised by totalitarian regimes, aiming to raise awareness about practices of aestheticizing politics and politicising aesthetics, which makes the topic relevant in contemporary turbulent times. The article thus underscores the contemporary relevance of these strategies in the digital age, where art continues to influence political discourse and public behaviour. It calls for a critical engagement with the ethical dimensions of art in politics and advocates for supporting artistic freedom to ensure that art serves as a tool for empowerment of the silenced, resistance against totalitarianism, and positive social change. Through historical and contemporary lenses, this study highlights the dual potential of art to both oppress and liberate, emphasising the need for vigilance in maintaining its ethical use in society.
Aesthetics of anaesthetics: Western postmodern attitude and Japanese Wabi-Sabi
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-09-15) Yurt, Engin; Başarır, Sıla Burcu
In Japanese aesthetics, there is a traditionally embraced concept named Wabi-sabi (侘寂) which cherishes -in a narrow sense- the beauty that springs from the imperfection or impermanence. At first sight, this understanding -when it is considered comparatively within traditional Western theories of aesthetics- does not find any concrete corresponding western element for itself (even though the theme of “the beauty in the flaw” is a wellknown idea in Western literature and philosophy), because of the dominant aesthetic values towards Greek ideals of perfection and symmetry’s beauty within modern Western art. But, especially with the negative approach towards the concept of symmetry in the beginning of modernism within architecture and positive opinions about the concept of Anaesthetics (or un-aesthetics) within postmodern understanding of art, there might be something in western aesthetical theories which can be read in a similarity with Wabi-sabi. Western aesthetical themes like “beauty in the asymmetry”, “aesthetic of the Anaesthetic one”, “aesthetic of decay”, “aesthetic of ruins” and “anaesthetically appealing” might have a possibility of a comparative reading with Wabi-sabi. Even though it is not explicitly expressed, some opinions in postmodern attitude might provide a philosophical ground for this comparative reading. With the help of some Japanese terms like Shibusa (渋さ), Kintsugi (金継ぎ), Mono no aware (物の哀れ), this paper aims to search and to explain resemblances, differences and interconnections (if there are any) between idea of wabi-sabi and some western postmodern theories of anaesthetics.
Against wittgenstein’s reading of freudian psychoanalytic methodology
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Hutchens, Benjamin
This paper is intended to examine the coherence and efficacy of Wittgenstein’s notorious dismissal of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. It will examine what Wittgenstein explicitly wrote (and said) about the psychoanalytic method, as well as what he might have written if he had read Freud more carefully and utilized his own most relevant notions from the middle and later periods of his work. It will propose that Wittgenstein’s critique of Freud lags behind his own developing views of hypotheses, evidence, the making of significant connections, and obedience to rules in language games. The author concludes that Wittgenstein’s critique of Freud is more interesting for its deficiencies than its ability to force improvements in psychoanalysis.
An analysis of some contemporary alternativies to traditional epistemology
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Udefi, Amaechi
In this essay, attempt is made to show that the pre-occupation within traditional epistemology with the search for the necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge is inadequate. The assumption here is that traditional epistemologists conceive knowledge as justified true belief (J.T.B). In other words, once these conditions or criteria (i.e truth, belief and justification conditions) are satisfied, then knowledge is obtained or attained. But each of these conditions is fraught with serious problems as pointed out by Edmund Gettier whose three-page article published in 1963 served as a trenchant critique of the traditional (internalist) analysis of knowledge. It is our contention that these initial difficulties and despair with this view prompted some epistemologists to search for an alternative conception which would overcome or ameliorate these problems. These suggested alternatives further reinforce the argument or imperative for intercultural philosophy and/or social epistemology which attempts to integrate philosophical and epistemological traditions into a polylog between various philosophical, epistemological, and cultural systems? such as African epistemology, Japanese logic, Indian thought, and so on. This view is appealing because it is based on the belief that the interdependence of our world? presupposes an adoption of the principle of charity, respect and tolerance for other cultural and conceptual schemes. In other words, no such tradition should claim any privileged or absolute or overarching position over others since they are on a par.
An antihumanist reinterpretation of the philosophy of singularity
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Bilgisel, Dilara
This article takes a close look at the discussion of singularity in Jean-Luc Nancy’s The Inoperative Community and Being Singular Plural as an attempt to negate the subject/object dichotomy and create a new context for a re-evaluation of resistance. With its aim of refuting individualistic subjectivity, the philosophy of singularity puts forward that the humanist point of view unnecessarily polarizes individuality and community. By placing a challenging scenario of antihumanism against the humanist sense of responsibility, the philosophy of singularity questions whether it is possible to do philosophy without saying ‘I’. This antihumanist stance, which replaces the ‘I’/‘other’ differentiation with Nancy’s ‘the other of another,’ chooses to strengthen the link between ontology and resistance in the notion of coexistence, beyond traditional hypotheses on immanence or transcendence. In order to discover the manifestation of coexistence within the frame of an antihumanist philosophy of singularity, this article begins with digging deep under the notion of individualistic subjectivity to show that it embodies a hollow and plastic category. Following this, Nancy’s stress on the term ‘ecstasy’ will be grounded upon the Freudian theory of drives and the concept of coexistence will be situated in a dark realm that the humanist worldview would expect in the least. And finally, against the background of this theoretical structure, values such as modesty and responsibility will be highlighted as an attempt to uncover an alternative moral consciousness that weaves itself out of an indefinite possibility lurking under the skin of the individual/community enigma.
Arendtian beginning under the threat of violence
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-02-25) Yazıcıoğlu, Sanem
Action and violence are two of the most central topics in Arendt’s works. The opposition between action and violence can also be interpreted as the opposition between the potentiality of human capacities and their fundamental destruction in human life. For Arendt, action and speech are the actualization of those capacities in their ever-new forms. However, those capacities can only be actualized in human plurality: a plurality of equal and distinct individuals. Therefore, in its different appearances and in its different tools, the threat of violence for the individual and for the political realm consists in its intrinsic aim to destruct human potentialities and human plurality. In our economical-global world, world violence increases significantly, since the emphasis is no longer on political categories such as equality or political action, but rather on everything that can be turned into materials and accelerate economic growth. Human beings are not exceptions; they are constantly under the threat of turning into “human materials” as Arendt rightly claims. Hence, in this paper I will first examine the relation between action, beginning and potentiality and second, indicate how plurality and power interact; in the third part I will outline how violence transforms human beings into human material, and in the final part I will indicate some problems of inequality and the economic agenda which produces millions of displaced people.
Argumentation-based learning and P4C approach: A seventh-grade study on socio-scientific issues
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-08-29) Güler, Oya; Şengül, Ahmet Asım
This study examined the effectiveness of argumentation-based learning and P4C (Philosophy for Children) approach in teaching socio-scientific issues to seventh-grade students. A total of 23 students were involved in the study, where science lessons were conducted using documents developed with argumentation-based learning activities. The study lasted for one academic year. Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews with students in the experimental group at the end of the academic year, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the combination of P4C and an argumentation-based learning approach was effective in developing students' argumentation, evidence-based thinking, and decision-making skills. The themes that emerged from the data included improved critical thinking skills, increased interest and motivation, and greater awareness of the complexity of socio-scientific issues. These findings align with previous research on the benefits of argumentation-based learning.The study highlights the importance of incorporating P4C and argumentation-based learning approaches in science education to enhance students' critical thinking skills and prepare them to make informed decisions in real-world contexts. By engaging students in philosophical discussions and encouraging them to construct arguments based on evidence, educators can empower students to think critically, analyze complex issues, and develop a deeper understanding of socio-scientific topics. These skills are vital for fostering active and informed citizens who can tackle societal challenges with thoughtful consideration and rational decision-making.
Aristoteles ve Heidegger’in sanat kuramlarında “Poiesis” ve “Phronesis”
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015) Kart, Berfin
Sanatın neliği ya da neye sanat yapıtı denilebileceği tartışması Platon ve Aristoteles’ten günümüz düşünürlerine kadar uzanan bir tartışmadır. Platon sanata gerçeklikten, hakikatten uzaklaştırıcı bir işlev yüklerken; Aristoteles, iyi ya da kötü eylemlerin taklidi olan tragedya ile ilişkilendirdiği sanatı, gerçekle yüz yüze gelmenin gerçekleştiği yer olarak ifade eder. Tragedyada taklit edilen “korku” ve “acıma” eylemleri “hakikat” ile yüz yüze gelmenin aracıdır. Sanat yapıtları “katharsis”in gerçekleştiği, özünden uzaklaşmış, boyun eğmişlik süreci içerisindeki insanın, kendi kurtuluşuna, kendi doğasına geri dönüşünün birer aracı gibidir. Aristoteles gibi Heidegger’e göre de sanat, “hakikat”e ulaşma, insanın içine düştüğü “kendi-olamama” halinden kurtulmanın olanağının sunulduğu bir yerdir. Sanat, hakikatin sesinin duyulduğu, ortaya çıktığı yerdir. Ne sanat hakikatin bir taklididir ne de sanat yapıtı hakikatin bir tasarımı olarak taklittir. Sanat yapıtında hakikatin sesini duyabilme ya da hakikat ile yüz yüze gelebilme olanağını taşıyan ise insandır. İnsanın sanat denilen etkinliği gerçekleştirebilmesi ve bu etkinliğin açımladığı dünyanın bilgisine ulaşabilmesi sahip olduğu phronesis erdemiyle olanaklıdır. Sanat yapıtını ortaya koyabilmek ya da bir sanat yapıtı üzerinde düşünebilmek ancak phronenis ile mümkündür. Aristoteles’e göre praxisle değil, poiesisle ilgili bir etkinlik olan sanat, bir “yapma (making)” süreci değil, “yaratma (creating)” sürecidir. Phronesis erdemi, bu sürecin sonunda düşünüp taşınarak ortaya konulan sanat yapıtının bilgisine ulaştıracak olandır. Bu yazıda, Aristoteles ve Heidegger’de sanatın ve sanat yapıtının neliğini nasıl dile getirdikleri ve bunun Platon’un sanat görüşünden farkı ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda, sanat -techne- ve zanaat arasındaki ilişki; sanatın “poiein” fiilinden türetilen “poisesis” kavramıyla ilgisi; sanat yapıtının ortaya çıkmasında “phronesis” erdeminin rolü; “katharsis”in gerçekleştiği sanat yapıtının nasıl olup da insanın kendi doğasına geri dönüşünün bir aracı olabildiği ele alınacaktır.
Art and education
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Eren, Işık; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Felsefe Bölümü.
While language opportunities of people are developed through art education, information on values can also be presented via this language. If humans and their values, people and their opportunities, styles of relationship, actions and styles of evaluation are presented with aesthetic style of art works, aesthetic thinking and understanding opportunities as well as images can also be changed in people. If each individual, who has participated in educational process, is acquired ideals in the context of their own resources by respecting their own structural unity and can also be provided with an excitement to learn, generate knowledge and be creative, it would not be an illusion to raise ethical people, who are open to themselves, society and to the world.
Behaviorism: Dead or alive?
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-09-29) Gökel, Nazım
Behaviorism, both as a psychological research program and a philosophical doctrine, was once a very popular and promising theory, the extension of which had a great impact on various fields such as socio-political theory and education. Both behaviorist movements actually shared something in common, which is to bring the downfall of the Cartesian metaphysics, in which the mental is understood as something essentially private and subjective. In this work, first I will briefly go over the general circumstances before the rise of behaviorism and the challenge of behaviorism to the Cartesian metaphysics. Later on, I will provide some of the technical details of philosophical behaviorism. In the last section, I will summarize some of the famous criticisms of behaviorism. I will argue for the claim that despite what Putnam and others thought, behaviorism does not seem to be a weak theory at all. On the contrary, I think that Putnam’s criticisms could only show how badly behaviorism is misunderstood and caricaturized. Finally, I will talk about possible theoretical responses to Putnam’s criticisms, responses that could easily be launched from a Rylean or Wittgensteinian perspective.
Between form and sentiment: Hume’s standard of taste
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-10-30) Şenkaya, Coşkun
In this article, our aim is to give an account of Hume’s way of establishing the conformity between objective and subjective aspects of judgments of taste. In this respect, we give a reading of his “On the standard of Taste” that is based on his more general theory of objectivity. We argue that his account of the relation between the sentiment of beauty and general rules of aesthetic evaluation is an extension of his association-based account of cognition and that he relies on the threefold structure of it to relate and combine the considerations of subjective sentiment with those of objective standards of beauty and that it is only because he allows a kind of sensible reflection that he can argue for the possibility of such a relation and combination.
“Bittersweet Island” as encoded epithet: Klee in the making
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-02-01) Haşlakoğlu, Oğuz
Present article offers a new way of ‘reading’ Paul Klee’s work “Insula Dulcamara” (1938) in its ‘pictorial language’. After a critical evaluation of a similar approach on the same work in its pros and cons the essay suggests that the very title of the work is actually encoded in the picture, providing a criterion and a visual mapping for its proposal. The method consists in obtaining the group of signs which forms a certain gestalt in the picture as Latin letters hidden in pseudo-Arabic script. In this way Latin letters are deformed to a point where it is not possible to be recognized immediately in their limits of legibility. After reading the whole sign group letter by letter the essay then goes on to compare Klee’s famous “making visible” remark with Cézanne’s much discussed “la réalisation”. Drawing conclusions from there, the article ends in showing how this masterpiece of Klee might be considered as an epithet of the artist in its etymological origin as an “emplacement”; a dwelling place of his own making.
Book review: Alciphron or the minute philosopher
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2010) Çetin, İsmail; Uludağ Üniversitesi.
Boolean algebra and aristotelian logic
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-02-05) Keven, Nazim
George Boole is one of the first logicians who offered a systematic formalization of language. He developed a notation to encode ordinary language sentences to algebraic symbols and developed algebraic methods to manipulate those symbols and to deduce results that are interpretable in the ordinary language. His methods formed the basis of modern logic. Boole applied his formal methods to many of the contemporary questions of his time, one of them being scholastic logic. In this paper, I explain how Boole deals with Aristotelian logic. I will start with his notation and algebraic methods, then apply them to Aristotelian conversions and syllogisms. It must be noted Boole has two versions of notation and methods, one is developed in Mathematical Analysis of Logic and the other is in his seminal book The Laws of Thought. I focus on the later version.
Can fiction offer moral truth beyond truisms?
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Keki, Başak
This paper challenges Jerome Stolnitz’s view that art cannot teach us anything but merely offers truisms, which he asserts in his article “On the Cognitive Triviality of Art”. The current inquiry is limited to fiction and explores the relationship between aesthetics and morality and their cognitive and emotional implications. Employing the contemporary debates surrounding the literature, I defend the view that fiction can offer us moral truth beyond truisms through the reader’s interaction with the text as she employs her imaginative, moral and emotional faculties throughout the unique process of reading. Stolnitz’s first worry is that the cognitive value of fiction is superficial, and the “message” of a text hardly qualifies as knowledge. He bases his argument on the case that artistic truth doesn’t exist because there are no experts who could judge the epistemic status of knowledge on arts; hence there is no such thing as artistic knowledge – and without knowledge, art cannot teach us anything. Even if fiction offers certain conceptions which may evoke moral wisdom, they are already stale truisms devoid of cognitive worth. I respond to this criticism by proposing that works of fiction contain a different type of knowledge; the type of know-how rather than know-that which alludes to moral knowledge. Stolnitz’s second worry is that the moral themes contained in fiction can fit in a sentence or two, without us having to bother to read the whole text. My response is that the act of interaction with the text is an indispensable part of enhancing our emotional and moral education which helps us cultivate our moral imagination. Similar to any thought experiment in philosophical arguments, fiction helps us direct our moral attention and evaluate diverse (moral) possibilities. The process of reading allows us to acquire a moral space or distance from which we can formulate moral responses to what happens in the text. Cultivating moral judgment takes time; and it is this time consuming act of reading the text which enables us to critically engage with the text. Learning from fiction entails an internal change we undergo in our being; and the greater the literary work is, the more we can learn from it.
Can we survive drinking from the River Lethe?
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007) Erhart, Itır
The advocates of the Psychological Account daim that our psychological properties like memory and character traits are essential to us, that we would cease to be if we were to lose them. In this paper I will discuss an undesirable consequence of this widely accepted account, namely, branching. Some of the defenders of the Psychological Account try to solve the branching problem by denying the importance of identity or by denying the eıdstence of three-dimensional objects. I will argue that if we adopl animalism this problem can be solved without giving up such intuitions. I will also daim that we can survive total, irreversible amnesia.
The cartesian man; The hybrid entity emerging from an intimate unification of the mind and body
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007) Yaldır, Hülya
The term "Cartesian dualism' is commonly used to lump together all forms of "consciousnesses under the single category of the mental. Alongside thought and extension, modern interpreters of the Cartesian philosophy have often inclined to disregard Descartes presentation of a third category, the category of sensation and imagination. However, Descartes' philosophy of mind strongly points out a threefold distinction instead of a simple duality. In this article, after a brief chronological survey of the Cartesian theory of the mind-body union, I try to argue against the alleged inconsistency of Descartes' view and the supposed unintelligibility of his doctrine of the three primitive notions, namely, mind, body, and their union.
Certitude and scepticism as complementary in the search for knowledge
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012) Onos, Idjakpo
This paper proposes that the demand for certainty and the continual raising of the doubts (skepticism) about our epistemic claims be seen and considered as efforts toward the same direction, namely, to attain knowledge. This has become necessary as the debate between certitude and scepticism in traditional western epistemology attends to the concept of certitude and skepticism as if they are exclusive and contradictory. This has left the revolving discussion in an endless debate The search for certitude in our knowledge claims is to ensure that we have justification for our claims to knowledge and the skeptical considerations that over shadow our knowledge claims are equally demands that we have justification for our knowledge claims so that we do not treat mistaken opinions or lucky or educated guess as knowledge. The African theory of knowledge, which is built on African ontology that treats the divide between the object and subject as two aspects of the same reality, encourages this proposal. As such, this paper analyses and evaluates the debate between certitude and skepticism as we have it in traditional western and African epistemology, thus providing the grounds on which the proposal to consider certitude and skepticism as complementary in the search for knowledge.

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